Senior Lecturer, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute.
Head of the Department, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, Chennai, India, 603103
Professor, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, Chennai, India, 603103;
Corresponding Author: Dr.eaga_ars@yahoo.com
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Chettinad Dental College & Research Institute, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kelambakkam, Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu – 603 103, India
Nanoscience and nanotechnology come together with the mechanism to control, operate and structure the matter at an unimaginable smaller size: nanoscale - It includes both “atomic” and “molecular” scale that is 100 nm or lesser. One nanometer (nm) = one billionth of a meter.[1] Many biological structures are at the nanometer scale - Human tooth. Enamel contains 96% hydroxyapatite with a range of 10 - 200 nm [2] and nanostructures of dentin are distinct. Peritubular dentin has structures in the range of 25 nm, whereas structures of intertubular dentin are of 60 nm in length and thickness of 2-5 nm, Collagen fibrils of dentine are in the range of 20 to 75 nm.[3] Usage of nanotechnology in diagnosis, treatment and management of biological systems is called “Nanomedicine” by the National institute of health (NIH), USA.[1] Emerging advances and latest nanotechnological data has modified the ancient perception intodental practice and new advancements have been developed to replace the lost oral tissues and to maintain its function.[3] Thus, with the development of nanotechnology-based dental treatments, ‘nanodentistry’ evolved. The basis for this switch is to provide better oral health by developing newer materials for the diagnosis and treatment of dental pathologies, which are insufficiently treated by conventional drugs/materials [5] (Fig 1). The merits and demerits of the conventional materials are given in Table 1. [6]
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[3] Pokrowiecki R, Pałka K, Mielczarek A. Nanomaterials in dentistry: a cornerstone or a black box? Nanomedicine (Lond). 2018 Mar 1;13(6):639-667.
[4] Kumar PS, Kumar S, Savadi RC, John J. Nanodentistry: a paradigm shift-from fiction to reality. J. Indian Prosthodont. Soc. 11(1), 1–6 (2011)
[5] Besinis A, De Peralta T, Tredwin CJ, Handy RD. Review of nanomaterials in dentistry: interactions with the oral microenvironment, clinical applications, hazards, and benefits. ACS Nano 9(3), 2255–2289 (2015)
[6] S. Priyadarsini, et al., Nanoparticles used in dentistry: A review, J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. (2017), https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2017.12.004.
[7] Kanaparthy R, Kanaparthy A. The changing face of dentistry: nanotechnology. Int J Nanomedicine. 2011; 6:2799-804
[8] . Khurshid Z, Zafar M, Qasim S, Shahab S, Naseem M, AbuReqaiba A. Advances in nanotechnology for restorative dentistry. Materials (Basel). 8(2), 717–731 (2015).
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[10]Hu E, Shaw D. Synthesis and assembly. In: Siegel R, Hu E, Roco MC, editors. Nanostructure Science and Technology. 1st ed. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1999. p. 15-33.
[11]Padovani GC, Feitosa VP, Sauro S et al. Advances in dental materials through nanotechnology: facts, perspectives and toxicological aspects. Trends Biotechnol. 33(11), 621–636 (2015) .
[12]Elkassas D, Arafa A, The innovative applications of therapeutic nanostructures in dentistry. Nanomedicine: NBM2017; 13:1543-1562.
[13]Alves L, Pilla V, Murgo D, Munin E. Core-shell quantum dots tailor the fluorescence of dental resin composites. J Dent 2010; 38:149-52
[14] Wong DT. Salivary diagnostics powered by nanotechnologies, proteomics and genomics. J Am Dent Assoc 2006; 137:313-21.
[15]Yamakami K, Tsumori H, Sakurai Y, Shimizu Y, Nagatoshi K, Sonomoto K. Sustainable inhibition efficacy of liposome-encapsulated nisin insoluble glucan-biofilm synthesis by Streptococcus Mutans. Pharm Biol 2013; 51:267-70.
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[17] Ferreira J, Pires PT, Almeida C, Jerónimo S, Melo P.Evaluation of the Efficacy of nanoXIM CarePaste in Dentinal Tubule Occlusion. Int Poster J Dent Oral Med-XXIII Congresso. 2014; OMD.
[18] Größner-Schreiber B, Griepentrog M, Haustein I, et al. Plaque formation on surface modified dental implants. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2001; 12:543– 551.
[19]Sharan J, Singh S, Lale SV, Mishra M, Koul V, Kharbanda P. Applications of Nanomaterials in Dental Science: A Review. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2017 Apr;17(4):2235-255
[20] . Salvadori B, Capitani G, Mellini M, Dei L. A novel method to prepare inorganic watersoluble nanocrystals. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2006 Jun 1;298(1):487-90.
[21] . Shi Z, Huang X, Cai Y, Tang R, Yang D. Size effect of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on proliferation and apoptosis of osteoblast-like cells. Acta Biomater. 2009 Jan;5(1):338-45..
[22] Sitharaman B, Shi X, Walboomers XF, Liao H, Cuijpers V, Wilson LJ, Mikos AG, Jansen JA. In vivo biocompatibility of ultra-short single-walled carbon nanotube/biodegradable polymer nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering. Bone. 2008 Aug;43(2):362-370. .
[23] Abiodun-Solanke I, Ajayi D, Arigbede A. Nanotechnology and its application in dentistry. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2014;4(Suppl 3):S171-S177. doi:10.4103/2141- 9248.141951.
[24] Bhardwaj A, Bhardwaj A, Misuriya A, Maroli S, Manjula S, Singh AK. Nanotechnology in dentistry: Present and future. J Int Oral Health. 2014;6(1):121-126.
