Bulacan Agricultural State College, Bulacan, Philippines
Corresponding Author: risha@ee.nits.ac.in
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36647/GPISET/2026.01.B1.Ch002
This study investigated the views of Bulacan Agricultural State College (BASC) students regarding their study of Philippine History in the “Age of Disinformation” in the aspect of cognitive-historical, digital literacy and pedagogical factors. A qualitative research design was employed through semi-structured interview to gather in-depth insights of the participants. The researcher utilized a validated researcher-made list of interview questions for the thirteen (13) student-participants who had taken the course HIST100 (Readings in Philippine History) from their previous semester. Thematic analysis was employed by the researcher towards its findings that revealed the cognitive-historical features that influence students in learning Philippine History are professors‟ proficiency, credibility of online resources, presence of social media, lack of reliable resources, and the educational system. The study identified also that in evaluating the credibility and reliability of the historical information, the students have digital literacy skills in looking at the source of information, looking at the author’s reputation and credibility, and cross referencing/fact-checking. Another generalization justified that faculty members who teach Philippine History provide credible and reliable historical evidence, correct false historical information, and are pedagogically competent in addressing the challenges of disinformation. Furthermore, the researcher recommends that Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) should strengthen their partnerships with historical organizations to build academic linkages, history professors should consider authentic assessments and real-life teaching methods in teaching Philippine History, and HEIs should be actively engaged in conferences that may allow both their professors and students to meet experts in the field of history, and to hear about latest researches and trends.
[1] Acevedo CGF. From Cholera to COVID-19: A historical review of misinformation during pandemics. Progressio. 2020; 14.
[2] Agoncillo TA. History of the Filipino People. Quezon City: Garotech Publishing; 2018.
[3] Alcantara CD. Engaging students in Philippine history: Teaching strategies and challenges. Journal of Social Science Education. 2023; 1(1):37–64.
[4] Alic AKB, Bual JM. Readings in Philippine History: Course review, best practices, and challenges among higher education institutions. Philippine Social Science Journal. 2021; 4(4):91–103.
[5] Alterman E. The decline of historical thinking. The New Yorker. 2019. https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-decline-of-historical-thinking
[6] Arugay AA, Baquisal JKA. Mobilized and polarized: Social media and disinformation narratives in the 2022 Philippine elections. Pacific Affairs. 2022; 95(3):549–573.
[7] Balod HSS, Hameleers M. Fighting for truth? The role perceptions of Filipino journalists in an era of mis-and disinformation. Journalism. 2021; 22(9):2368–2385.
[8] Bautista VA. Teacher competency in history education: Implications for Philippine schools. Philippine Journal of Education. 2021; 1(1):65–84.
[9] Bhandari P. What is qualitative research? Methods & examples. 2020. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/qualitative-research
[10] Bradshaw S, Howard P. Challenging truth and trust: A global inventory of organised social media manipulation. Computational Propaganda Research Project. 2019; 1–25. https://demtech.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/07/ct2018.pdf
[11] Brookins J. History enrollment slightly edges slightly lower. American Historical Association Official Website. 2020. https://www.historians.org/research-and-publications/perspectives-on-history/january-2021/history-enrollment-edges-slightly-lower-wide-variation-characterizes-2019%E2%80%9320-enrollment-numbers
[12] Carson A, Fallon L. Fighting fake news: A study of online misinformation regulation in the Asia Pacific. 2021.
[13] Cohen D, Crabtree B. Qualitative Research Guidelines Project. 2016. http://www.qualres.org/HomeSemi-3629.html
[14] Commission on Higher Education Memorandum Order No. 20, s. 2013.
[15] Domingo LZ. Removing Philippine History in the “Age of Disinformation”: Politics, implications, and efforts. Academia. 2021. https://www.academia.edu/48855682/Removing_Philippine_History_in_the_Age_of_Disinformation_politics_implications_and_efforts
[16] Constantino R. The Philippines: A Past Revisited. Manila: Renato Constantino Foundation; 2018.
[17] Chua M. Historical revisionism and the youth: The impact of misinformation on Philippine history. Philippine Historical Association Journal. 2019; 65(1).
[18] David RG. Professional development and history teaching: Addressing the gaps in Philippine education. Philippine Education Research Journal. 2024; 40(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/073953291983561
[19] Domingo LZP. Removing Philippine History in the “Age of Disinformation”: Politics, implications, and efforts. De La Salle University Research Congress. 2021; 1–6.
[20] Eldh AC, Arestedt L, BerterO C. Quotations in qualitative studies: Reflections on constituents, custom, and purpose. International Journal of Qualitative Methods. 2020; 19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406920969268
[21] Garcia MB. Augmented reality in history education: An immersive storytelling of American colonization period in the Philippines. International Journal of Learning Technology. 2020; 15(3):234–254.
[22] Kiger M, Varpio L. Thematic analysis of qualitative data: AMEE Guide No. 131. Medical Teacher. 2020; 42(8):846–854. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2020.1755030
[23] LeFrance A. The prophecies of Q: American conspiracy theories are entering a dangerous phase. The Atlantic. 2020.
[24] Levine M. A Cognitive Theory of Learning: Research on Hypothesis Testing (1st ed.). Routledge; 2022.
[25] McMurtrie B. Teaching in the age of disinformation. The Chronicle of Higher Education. 2021; 67(10).
[26] McPherson J. Revisionist Historians. American Historical Association. 2023. https://www.historians.org/research-and-publications/perspectives-on-history/september-2003/revisionist-historians
[27] Mendoza GB. Networked propaganda: How the Marcoses are rewriting history. Rappler. 2020.
[28] Mendoza RU, Elemia CKS, Recto JMM, de Castro BAB. When fake news infects political networks: Case study of the Tallano gold myth in the Philippines. Media Asia. 2023; 50(4):501–527.
[29] Ong J, Cabanes J. Architects of networked disinformation: Behind the scenes of troll accounts and fake news production in the Philippines. The NewtonTech4Dev Network.
[30] Padget DK. Qualitative methods in social work research (3rd ed.). California: Sage Publications Inc.; 2017.
Technoarete Publishers
978-93-92104-70-1
https://doi.org/10.36647/GPISET/2026.05.01.Book1