Abstract : During 1996 to 2001, The Taliban controlled most areas of Afghanistan. Following the 9/11 attack by Al-Qaeda, the United States and its allies invaded the nation in October 2001, which is resulted into the movement of Taliban towards the south of Afghanistan, where they led an uprising against the government in Kabul, which is backed by the West, the Afghan National Security Forces (ANDSF), and troops from the international alliance. After relocated to southern Afghanistan, Taliban started to fight an insurgency against the Western-backed government in Kabul and his forces as ANDSF, and international coalition troops. The Taliban continued to hold power after the withdrawal of U.S. Defense forces. In Kabul, the Taliban established a violent Islamic government after quickly regaining control of the nation. Public executions, amputations, and flogging were among the harsh interpretations of sharia-based rule that the hardline government gradually reinstated across the nation. Therefore, Thus, by analysing the role of institutions, corruption, poverty, economic instability, inequality, and other factors that contribute to the intricate interaction of internal and external factors, as well as the consequences and implications for regional and global security, this study explores the global and regional aspects of the coup phenomenon. This paper explores the resurgence of the Taliban in Afghanistan in 2021 in the light of civil conflict and its historical roots from the Saur Revolution of 1978 to the U.S intervention of 2001. The study highlights three interrelated findings: first, the Taliban’s reestablishment of a totalitarian system marked by repression, humanitarian collapse, and the rollback of rights; second, the intensification of regional security dilemmas, particularly with the presence of International terrorist Organizations such as Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP); and finally, the reconfiguration of global geopolitics as great powers, including the United States, China, and India, recalibrate their engagement with Afghanistan.

Keyword : Afghanistan, Democracy, Human Rights, Security, Taliban.